Portal:Finland

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The Finland Portal

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland covers an area of 338,145 square kilometres (130,559 sq mi) and has a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish, of which 84.9 percent and 5.1 percent of the population speak the first as their mother tongue. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.

Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by different styles of ceramics. The Bronze Age and Iron Ages were marked by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. From the late 13th century, Finland became part of the Swedish Empire as a result of the Northern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland was captured from Sweden and became a Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous state ruled by the Russian Empire. During this period, Finnish art flourished and the idea of full independence began to take hold. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant universal suffrage, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Finland declared its full independence. In 1918 the young nation was divided by the Finnish Civil War. During World War II, Finland fought against the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War, and later against Nazi Germany in the Lapland War. As a result, it lost parts of its territory but retained its independence. (Full article...)

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The Vartiokylä dumping ground was a dumping ground in the Vartiokylä area of Helsinki between 1954 and 1962. It was located in the present-day neighbourhood of Myllypuro; the site is also known as the "Alakiventie Street area".

This dumping ground caused the best-known environmental disaster in the history of Helsinki. Part of the neighbourhood of Myllypuro was built on this site with no thought given to possible environmental hazards. In 1999, the city of Helsinki admitted that there was a problem with this neighbourhood and, as a result, apartment buildings on part of Alakiventie Street were torn down, and the land below was rehabilitated so as not to cause further problems. (Full article...)

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A lakeside smoke sauna ("savusauna") in Kannonkoski.

Did you know (auto-generated)

... that the 1992 documentary film Daddy and the Muscle Academy, which focuses on the life of gay erotic artist Tom of Finland, has been broadcast on Finnish television multiple times?
... that Plevna in Tampere, Finland, was the first building in the Nordic countries and the Russian Empire (of which Finland was part at the time) to be lit by electric lights?
... that a song about an esports team went viral in Finland?
... that Matti Lehtinen, a baritone of the Finnish National Opera and professor of singing at the Sibelius Academy, was the voice of God at age 93?
... that Finnish politician Kaarina Suonio answered the world's first GSM phone call?
... that Kaija Saariaho's 2021 opera Innocence includes traditional Finnish cow-herding calls?

WikiProjects

You are invited to participate in Finland WikiProject, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Finland.

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...that the cruiseferry M/S Nordlandia (originally M/S Olau Hollandia) was built to be NATO-compatible, so that she could easily be converted to a troopship?
...that Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, resigned after confessing to torture and forgery?
...that the Finnish-Novgorodian wars only ended with the Swedish conquest of Finland in 1249, resulting in the Swedish–Novgorodian Wars?
...the crash of Aero Flight 311, which claimed the lives of all 25 people on board, was the worst aviation accident ever to occur in Finland?
...that some areas of the Finnish Lakeland have up to 1,000 lakes per 100 km²?

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Sondhi speaking at a mass rally, February 2006

In Thai politics, the Finland Plot, Finland Plan, Finland Strategy, Finland Conspiracy or Finland Declaration (Thai: แผนฟินแลนด์, ยุทธศาสตร์ฟินแลนด์, ปฏิญญาฟินแลนด์, Finnish: Suomi-salaliitto, Suomi-suunnitelma, Suomi-strategia) are names of a controversial conspiracy theory espoused by Sondhi Limthongkul and supporters affiliated with the People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) in 2006 describing a plot allegedly developed by Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra and former left-wing student leaders to overthrow the former Thai monarch, take control of the nation, and establish a communist state. The plot allegedly originated in Finland.

The allegations damaged the popularity of Thaksin and his government, despite the fact that no evidence was ever produced to verify the existence of a plot. Thaksin and his Thai Rak Thai (TRT) party vehemently denied the accusations and sued the accusers. The leaders of the 2006 military coup claimed Thaksin's alleged disloyalty as one of their rationales for seizing power. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Finland-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1In 2011 figure skater Kiira Korpi was ranked 4th in the world. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 2Kastelli Giant's Church in Pattijoki by Pöljä culture [fi] (from History of Finland)
Image 3The area of Finland in the years 1920–1940. The 1935 county and municipality division on the map. (from History of Finland)
Image 4Jussipaita (transl. Jussi sweater); a traditional sweater from the Finnish region of Southern Ostrobothnia (from Culture of Finland)
Image 5Prehistoric red ochre painted rock art of moose, human figures, and boats in Astuvansalmi, Finland, from ca. 3800–2200 BC (from Culture of Finland)
Image 6Winter War Monument in Suomussalmi, Kainuu, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 7Alvar Aalto, Viipuri Library (1927–35) (from Culture of Finland)
Image 8A group of Finnish soldiers operating a Bofors gun during the Continuation War in 1943 (from History of Finland)
Image 9The Finno-Soviet Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 10Janne Ahonen is considered one of the best and most successful currently active ski jumpers. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 11People gathered in the Senate Square for a demonstration against the February Manifesto in March 1899. (from History of Finland)
Image 12Northern Europe in 814 (from History of Finland)
Image 13Kreeta Haapasalo Playing the Kantele in a Peasant Cottage (1868), by Robert Wilhelm Ekman (from History of Finland)
Image 14An old drawing of the city of Turku in the 18th century (from History of Finland)
Image 15Stone Age dwelling named Kierikki 5000–3000 BC (from History of Finland)
Image 16Sámi / Laplander family in traditional costumes from Finland. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 17Three Finnish Romani women in Helsinki, Finland, in 1930s (from Culture of Finland)
Image 18Stone Age stone axe engraved with human face found from Kiuruvesi. (from History of Finland)
Image 19This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of the Russian Empire. (from History of Finland)
Image 20Uspenski Cathedral in Helsinki (from Culture of Finland)
Image 21The first government of independent Finland. P. E. Svinhufvud, the first Prime Minister of Finland, sitting at the head of the table. (from History of Finland)
Image 22Students on Helsinki's Esplanadi wearing their caps on Vappu (from Culture of Finland)
Image 23Turku Cathedral and its surroundings from 1814 (from History of Finland)
Image 24Women dressed in Finnish folk costumes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 25S/S Urania in Hanko harbor in 1893, with 509 emigrants on board on their way to America (from History of Finland)
Image 26Midsummer bonfire (kokko) in Mäntsälä (from Culture of Finland)
Image 27The Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), a significant figure in the history of classical music (from Culture of Finland)
Image 28Wehrmacht soldiers with a local Sámi reindeer herder, Lappland, Sodankylä, Finland 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 29Jean Sibelius at work in his study (from History of Finland)
Image 30Signing the Helsinki Accords are the West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, East Germany's leader Erich Honecker, US president Gerald Ford and the Austrian chancellor Bruno Kreisky (from History of Finland)
Image 31Apocalyptica's Perttu Kivilaakso playing metal music live (from Culture of Finland)
Image 32Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) (from History of Finland)
Image 33Battle of Valkeala was part of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). (from History of Finland)
Image 34The ruins of Vammala burned by the Reds, during the Civil war (from History of Finland)
Image 35Imagery collage of Birger Jarl conquering Häme and the construction of Häme Castle (from History of Finland)
Image 36A peasant girl and a woman in traditional dress from Ruokolahti, eastern Finland, as depicted by Severin Falkman in 1882 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 37The Swedish empire at its largest. Most of present-day Finland was part of Sweden proper, rike, shown in dark green. (from History of Finland)
Image 38Erkki Karu, one of the pioneers of the Finnish cinema, with cinematographer Eino Kari in 1927 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 39A triptych by Akseli Gallen-Kallela, depicting the Aino Story of Kalevala on three panes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 40In the middle is the patron saint of Finland, Saint Henry, on the right side of him is Bishop Konrad Bitz and on the left is Dean Magnus Stjernkors; from Missale Aboense (1488) (from History of Finland)
Image 41Finnish folk dancers in a 1907 postcard sent from Mustamäki, Finland (from Culture of Finland)
Image 42A view of Pohjoisesplanadi in the center of Helsinki in 1891 (from History of Finland)
Image 43Women in sauna with Vihtas
Image 44Map of Finnish areas ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944, after the Continuation War (from History of Finland)
Image 45Pieces of the Antrea Net (8,300 BC), the oldest-known fishing net in the world. (from History of Finland)
Image 46Linus Torvalds, a famous Fennoswede software engineer, best known for initiating the development of the Linux kernel (from Culture of Finland)
Image 47The decision of the Soviet of the People's Comissars' to recognise Finnish independence, signed by Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Petrovsky, Joseph Stalin, Isaac Steinberg, Vladimir Karelin, and Alexander Schlichter (from History of Finland)
Image 48Eero Järnefelt, Burning the Brushwood, 1893 (from History of Finland)
Image 49A reconstruction of a 12th-century Perniö costume (from History of Finland)
Image 50Battle of Gangut (Hanko) was part of the Great Northern War during 1700–1721. (from History of Finland)
Image 51Homann's map of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Fennoscandia with their surrounding territories: northern Germany, northern Poland, the Baltic region, Livonia, Belarus, and parts of Northwest Russia. Johann Baptist Homann (1664–1724) was a German geographer and cartographer; map dated around 1730. (from History of Finland)
Image 52Badge of the Finnish White/Civil Guard (from History of Finland)
Image 53Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion, 1850s (from History of Finland)
Image 54Memorial of the Mannerheim Cross Knights of Parikkala, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 55Marshal of Finland Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim visit in Germany, 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 56Pekka Halonen's painting "against persecutors" from 1896 depicts the warfare of the ancient Finns. (from History of Finland)
Image 57Paavo Nurmi at the 1920 Summer Olympics (from Culture of Finland)
Image 58The area controlled by Finland at its largest, in 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 59(1809 Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish (from History of Finland)
Image 60Captain Aarne Juutilainen at the front at Kollaa during the Winter War (from History of Finland)
Image 61President Urho Kekkonen's funeral procession in 1986 (from History of Finland)
Image 62The part of Finland controlled by the Reds at its largest in February–March 1918 (from History of Finland)
Image 63In the sauna, by Pekka Halonen, 1925 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 64Identification document and tag of a Finnish war child (from History of Finland)
Image 65Painting of Lalli killing Henry. Painting by C. A. Ekman. (from History of Finland)
Image 66Ancylus Lake covered major part of Finland (7,500–6,000 BC) (from History of Finland)
Image 67Kalmar Union in 1400s (from History of Finland)
Image 68Mikael Agricola hands over the Finnish Translation of the New Testament to King Gustav Wasa. (from History of Finland)
Image 69A summer cottage (mökki) on a lake island (from Culture of Finland)
Image 70A smoke sauna (savusauna) in Enonkoski (from Culture of Finland)
Image 71President K. J. Ståhlberg in his office in 1919 (from History of Finland)
Image 72Finland Ostrobothnia regiment uniforms in 1705 (from History of Finland)
Image 732007 Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen celebrating victory at the 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix (from Culture of Finland)
Image 74Lapua Movement supporters beating the "red officer" Eino Nieminen in front of the Vaasa courthouse during the 4 June 1930 riot. (from History of Finland)
Image 75Helsinki Accords Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 76Karjalanpiirakka, a traditional Finnish pastry (from Culture of Finland)

In the news

2 April 2024 – Viertola school shooting: A student is killed and two others are injured in a shooting at a school in Vantaa, Uusimaa, Finland. A 12-year-old student is detained. (AP) (Yle)
1 March 2024 – 2024 Finnish presidential election: Alexander Stubb is sworn in as the 13th President of Finland. (Reuters)
11 February 2024 – 2024 Finnish presidential election: Alexander Stubb is elected President of Finland with 51.6% of the vote.(Yle)
27 January 2024 – Israel–Hamas war: The United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Italy, Canada, Finland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Germany suspend humanitarian aid to UNRWA over allegations that some UNRWA staff members were involved in the Hamas-led attack on Israel. (BBC News) (CBS News)
14 December 2023 – Finland–United States relations: Finland announces the creation of a defense cooperation agreement with the United States. The agreement will grant Finland access to American military resources for use in defensive operations, while the US will gain military access to Finland in the event of conflict. (Reuters)
29 November 2023 – Finland–Poland relations, Finland–Russia relations: National Security Bureau chief Jacek Siewiera announces that Poland will send "a team of military advisors" to the Finland–Russia border in response to an official request for allied support. Finland says it was unaware of the Polish offer. Russia warns against the move, viewing the concentration of troops on the border as a threat. (Reuters)

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Panoramic photo shot of Helsinki, Finland

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Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885
Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982 - Restoration
Eero-Saarinen (cropped)
FIN-A36b-Finlands Bank-20 Markkaa (1862)
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Helsinki July 2013-14
Helsinki July 2013-27a
Kaleva Church 4
Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki 27.4.1945
Lutheran Cathedral Helsinki edit
Makasiinit tulessa
Neste Oil Rally 2010 - Jari-Matti Latvala in shakedown
Nils Torvalds MEP, Strasbourg - Diliff
Peugeot 206 WRC
Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Nasser Al-Attiyah 1
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Silja Serenade in Stockholm
VR Sr1 3015 Kuopio Drawbridge
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Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885
Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982 - Restoration
FIN-A36b-Finlands Bank-20 Markkaa (1862)
Hankopan
Helsinki July 2013-14
Helsinki July 2013-27a
Kaleva Church 4
Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki 27.4.1945
Lutheran Cathedral Helsinki edit
Makasiinit tulessa
Neste Oil Rally 2010 - Jari-Matti Latvala in shakedown
Nils Torvalds MEP, Strasbourg - Diliff
Peugeot 206 WRC
Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Nasser Al-Attiyah 1
Scandinavia.TMO2003050
Silja Serenade in Stockholm
VR Sr1 3015 Kuopio Drawbridge
Vexi Salmi

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