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Supermarine S.4

The Supermarine S.4 was a 1920s British single-engined monoplane built by Supermarine to race in the 1925 Schneider Trophy contest. To reduce drag forces and thereby increase speed, the company's chief designer, R. J. Mitchell, produced a floatplane of revolutionary design. Built of wood, and with an unbraced cantilever wing, it was powered by a Napier Lion engine developed to produce 700 horsepower (520 kW) over a short racing period. Less than a month after its maiden flight on 24 August 1925, it raised the world's seaplane speed record to 226.752 miles per hour (364.922 km/h). On 23 October, during navigation trials prior to the contest, the aircraft was performing well when, for reasons that have not been fully explained, it went out of control and was destroyed when it dived into the sea from 100 feet (30 m), injuring the pilot. Mitchell used the practical experience gained from his work on the S.4 when designing its immediate successor, the Supermarine S.5. (Full article...)

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Mockup of Luna 25
Mockup of Luna 25

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August 22: Qixi Festival in China (2023); Madras Day in Chennai, India

A girl sits on a street next to the bodies of two other malnourished children
Photograph of famine in Calcutta published in The Statesman
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Presidio of San Francisco

The Presidio of San Francisco is a park and former United States Army post on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula in the city of San Francisco, California, forming part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The presidio was established as a fortified location in 1776, when New Spain founded it to gain a foothold in Alta California and the San Francisco Bay. It passed to Mexico in 1820, and in turn to the United States in 1848. As part of a military reduction program under the Base Realignment and Closure process from 1988, the United States Congress voted to end the presidio's status as an active military installation. In 1994, it was transferred to the National Park Service, ending 219 years of military use and beginning its next phase of mixed commercial and public use. This lithograph, published in 1822, shows the Presidio of San Francisco and its surroundings during the Spanish era, with the Golden Gate visible in the background to the right of the image.

Lithograph credit: Victor Adam, after Louis Choris; restored by Adam Cuerden

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